Description: In this note we prove that \(C(\infty, \aleph_0)\) (Form 62) and that \(MC(\infty, \aleph_0)\) (Form 349) are false in Howard's Model III (\(\mathcal{N}\)56) and that \(C(WO, \infty)\) (Form 40) is true.

Content: \(C(\infty, \aleph_0)\) (Form 62) and \(MC(\infty, \aleph_0)\) (Form 349) are false in Howard's Model III (\(\mathcal{N}\)56) and \(C(WO, \infty)\) (Form 40) is true. Here is a description of the model: Assume the the atoms are indexed as follows: \(A = \{a(i,j) : i\in{\mathbb{Q}} \hbox{ and } j\in\omega \}\). For each \(i\in \mathbb{Q}\), let \(A_i = \{a(i,j) : j\in \omega\}\). (Call \(A_i\) the \(i\)th block.) Let \[ \begin{aligned} \mathcal{G} = \{ \phi:A\to A : &(\forall i\in\mathbb{Q})(\exists i'\in \mathbb{Q})(\phi(A_i) = A_{i'})\hbox{ and }\\ &\{i\in\mathbb{Q} : (\exists j)(\phi(a(i,j))\ne a(i,j)) \}\hbox{ is bounded}\}. \end{aligned} \] Here bounded means bounded in the usual ordering on \(\mathbb{Q}\). (\(\mathcal{G}\) is the set of all permutations of \(\phi\) of \(A\) such that \(\phi\) of any block is a block and the set of blocks on which \(\phi\) is not the identity is bounded.) \(S\) is the set of subsets of \(A\) of the form \(\bigcup_{i\in E} A_i\) where E is a bounded subset of \(\mathbb{Q}\).
    \(C(\infty, \aleph_0)\) is false because the set \(\mathfrak{A} = \{ A_i : i \in \mathbb{Q} \}\) is in the model and each \(A_i\) is countable in the model but \(\mathfrak{A}\) has no choice function in the model.
    Similarly \(\mathfrak{A}\) has no multiple choice function in the model so \(MC(\infty, \aleph_0)\) is false.
    For the proof that \(C(WO, \infty)\) is true, assume that \(\mathcal{X}\) is a well ordered collection of non-empty sets which is in the model along with a well ordering (of \(\mathcal{X}\)). Then there is some bounded subset \(E\) of \(\mathbb{Q}\), which we assume without loss of generality is an interval \((a,b)\), such that \(\bigcup_{i \in E} A_i\) is a support of \(\mathcal{X} \) and every element of \(\mathcal{X}\). Choose rational numbers \(a'\) and \(b'\) such that \(a' < a\) and \(b < b'\) and let \(E' = (a',b')\). We claim that \(\bigcup_{i \in E} A_i'\) is a support for a choice function on \(X\). In order to prove this it suffices to show that \(\forall X \in \mathcal{X}, \exists y \in X\) such that \(\bigcup_{i \in E'} A_i\) is a support of \(y\).
    Assume \(X \in \mathcal{X}\), that \(x \in \mathbb{X}\) and that \(x\) has support \(\bigcup_{i \in E_x} A_i\) where \(E_x\) is a bounded subset of \(\mathbb{Q}\). Then there is a permutation \(\phi\) of \(\mathbb{Q}\) such that \(\phi\) fixes \((a,b)\) pointwise and such that \(\phi(E_x) \subset E'\). Let \(\phi^*\) be the element of \(\mathcal{G}\) defined by \(\phi^*(a(i,j)) = a(\phi(i), j) \). Then \(\phi^*\) fixes \(\bigcup_{i \in E} A_i\) pointwise and therefore fixes \(X\). So \(\phi^*(x) \in X\). Further \(\phi^*(\bigcup_{i \in E_x} A_i)\) is a support of \(\phi^*(x)\). Since \(\phi^*(\bigcup_{i \in E_x} A_i) \subseteq \bigcup_{i \in E'} A_i\) the element \(y = \phi^*(x)\) satisfies the required conditions.

Howard-Rubin number: 163

Type: proofs of result

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