We have the following indirect implication of form equivalence classes:
| Implication | Reference |
|---|---|
| 174-alpha \(\Rightarrow\) 43 |
"Representing multi-algebras by algebras, the axiom of choice and the axiom of dependent choice", Howard, P. 1981, Algebra Universalis |
| 43 \(\Rightarrow\) 8 | clear |
| 8 \(\Rightarrow\) 16 | clear |
| 16 \(\Rightarrow\) 6 |
L’axiome de M. Zermelo et son rˆole dans la th´eorie des ensembles et l’analyse, Sierpi'nski, W. 1918, Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracovie Cl. Math. Nat. |
| 6 \(\Rightarrow\) 5 |
L’axiome de M. Zermelo et son rˆole dans la th´eorie des ensembles et l’analyse, Sierpi'nski, W. 1918, Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracovie Cl. Math. Nat. |
| 5 \(\Rightarrow\) 38 |
Non-constructive properties of the real numbers, Howard, P. 2001, Math. Logic Quart. |
| 38 \(\Rightarrow\) 108 | clear |
Here are the links and statements of the form equivalence classes referenced above:
| Howard-Rubin Number | Statement |
|---|---|
| 174-alpha: | \(RM1,\aleph_{\alpha }\): The representation theorem for multi-algebras with \(\aleph_{\alpha }\) unary operations: Assume \((A,F)\) is a multi-algebra with \(\aleph_{\alpha }\) unary operations (and no other operations). Then there is an algebra \((B,G)\) with \(\aleph_{\alpha }\) unary operations and an equivalence relation \(E\) on \(B\) such that \((B/E,G/E)\) and \((A,F)\) are isomorphic multi-algebras. |
| 43: | \(DC(\omega)\) (DC), Principle of Dependent Choices: If \(S\) is a relation on a non-empty set \(A\) and \((\forall x\in A) (\exists y\in A)(x S y)\) then there is a sequence \(a(0), a(1), a(2), \ldots\) of elements of \(A\) such that \((\forall n\in\omega)(a(n)\mathrel S a(n+1))\). See Tarski [1948], p 96, Levy [1964], p. 136. |
| 8: | \(C(\aleph_{0},\infty)\): |
| 16: | \(C(\aleph_{0},\le 2^{\aleph_{0}})\): Every denumerable collection of non-empty sets each with power \(\le 2^{\aleph_{0}}\) has a choice function. |
| 6: | \(UT(\aleph_0,\aleph_0,\aleph_0,\Bbb R)\): The union of a denumerable family of denumerable subsets of \({\Bbb R}\) is denumerable. |
| 5: | \(C(\aleph_0,\aleph_0,\Bbb R)\): Every denumerable set of non-empty denumerable subsets of \({\Bbb R}\) has a choice function. |
| 38: | \({\Bbb R}\) is not the union of a countable family of countable sets. |
| 108: | There is an ordinal \(\alpha\) such that \(2^{\aleph _{\alpha}}\) is not the union of a denumerable set of denumerable sets. |
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