Hypothesis: HR 0: \(0 = 0\).
Conclusion: HR 2:
Existence of successor cardinals: For every cardinal \(m\) there is a cardinal \(n\) such that \(m < n\) and \((\forall p < n)(p \le m)\).
List of models where hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false:
| Name | Statement |
|---|---|
| \(\cal M1\) Cohen's original model | Add a denumerable number of generic reals (subsets of \(\omega\)), \(a_1\), \(a_2\), \(\cdots\), along with the set \(b\) containing them |
| \(\cal M4\) Pincus' Model I | This model has many of the properties of the model given in <a href="/books/39">Cohen [1966]</a> (p 143) |
| \(\cal M7\) Cohen's Second Model | There are two denumerable subsets\(U=\{U_i:i\in\omega\}\) and \(V=\{V_i:i\in\omega\}\) of \(\cal P({\Bbb R})\)(neither of which is in the model) such that for each \(i\in\omega\), \(U_i\)and \(V_i\) cannot be distinguished in the model |
| \(\cal M22\) Plotkin's Model I | Let \(T\) be a complete first order theory with equality which has infinite models and is \(\aleph_0\)-categorical |
| \(\cal M26\) Kanovei's Model I | Starting with a model of \(ZF + V = L\) and using forcing techniques due to <a href="/excerpts/Jensen-1968">Jensen [1968]</a>, Kanovei constructs a model of \(ZF\) in which there is an infinite Dedekind finite set \(A\) of generic reals that is in the class \(\varPi^1_n\), but there are no infinite Dedekind finite subsets of \(\Bbb R\) in the class \(\varSigma^1_n\), where \(n\in\omega\), \(n\ge 2\) |
| \(\cal M29\) Pincus' Model II | Pincus constructs a generic extension \(M[I]\) of a model \(M\) of \(ZF +\) class choice \(+ GCH\) in which \(I=\bigcup_{n\in\omega}I_n\), \(I_{-1}=2\) and \(I_{n+1}\) is a denumerable set of independent functions from \(\omega\) onto \(I_n\) |
| \(\cal M32\) Sageev's Model II | Starting with a model \(\cal M\) of \(ZF + V =L\), Sageev constructs a sequence of models \(\cal M\subseteq N_0 \subseteq N_1\subseteq\cdots\subseteq N_{\kappa}\) where \(\kappa\) is an inaccessible cardinal, \(N_0\) is Cohen's model <a href="/models/Cohen-1">\(\cal M1\)</a>, and \(N_{\kappa}\) is \(\cal M32\) |
| \(\cal M33\) Plotkin's Model II | The construction is similar to the construction of <a href="/models/Plotkin-1">\(\cal M22\)</a> |
| \(\cal M37\) Monro's Model III | This is a generic extension of <a href="/models/Cohen-1">\(\cal M1\)</a> in which there is an amorphous set (<a href="/form-classes/howard-rubin-64">Form 64</a> is false) and \(C(\infty,2)\) (<a href="/form-classes/howard-rubin-88">Form 88</a>) is false |
| \(\cal N1\) The Basic Fraenkel Model | The set of atoms, \(A\) is denumerable; \(\cal G\) is the group of all permutations on \(A\); and \(S\) isthe set of all finite subsets of \(A\) |
| \(\cal N2\) The Second Fraenkel Model | The set of atoms \(A=\{a_i : i\in\omega\}\) is partitioned into two element sets \(B =\{\{a_{2i},a_{2i+1}\} : i\in\omega\}\). \(\mathcal G \) is the group of all permutations of \( A \) that leave \( B \) pointwise fixed and \( S \) is the set of all finite subsets of \( A \). |
| \(\cal N2(n)\) A generalization of \(\cal N2\) | This is a generalization of\(\cal N2\) in which there is a denumerable set of \(n\) element sets for\(n\in\omega - \{0,1\}\) |
| \(\cal N2^*(3)\) Howard's variation of \(\cal N2(3)\) | \(A=\bigcup B\), where\(B\) is a set of pairwise disjoint 3 element sets, \(T_i = \{a_i, b_i,c_i\}\) |
| \(\cal N2(\aleph_{\alpha})\) Jech's Model | This is an extension of \(\cal N2\) in which \(A=\{a_{\gamma} : \gamma\in\omega_{\alpha}\}\); \(B\) is the corresponding set of \(\aleph_{\alpha}\) pairs of elements of \(A\); \(\cal G\)is the group of all permutations on \(A\) that leave \(B\) point-wise fixed;and \(S\) is the set of all subsets of \(A\) of cardinality less than\(\aleph_{\alpha}\) |
| \(\cal N3\) Mostowski's Linearly Ordered Model | \(A\) is countably infinite;\(\precsim\) is a dense linear ordering on \(A\) without first or lastelements (\((A,\precsim) \cong (\Bbb Q,\le)\)); \(\cal G\) is the group of allorder automorphisms on \((A,\precsim)\); and \(S\) is the set of all finitesubsets of \(A\) |
| \(\cal N4\) The Mathias/Pincus Model I | \(A\) is countably infinite;\(\precsim\) is a universal homogeneous partial ordering on \(A\) (See<a href="/articles/Jech-1973b">Jech [1973b]</a> p 101 for definitions.); \(\cal G\) is the group ofall order automorphisms on \((A,\precsim)\); and \(S\) is the set of allfinite subsets of \(A\) |
| \(\cal N5\) The Mathias/Pincus Model II (an extension of \(\cal N4\)) | \(A\) iscountably infinite; \(\precsim\) and \(\le\) are universal homogeneous partialand linear orderings, respectively, on \(A\), (See <a href="/articles/Jech-1973b">Jech [1973b]</a>p101 for definitions.); \(\cal G\) is the group of all order automorphismson \((A,\precsim,\le)\); and \(S\) is the set of all finite subsets of \(A\) |
| \(\cal N6\) Levy's Model I | \(A=\{a_n : n\in\omega\}\) and \(A = \bigcup \{P_n: n\in\omega\}\), where \(P_0 = \{a_0\}\), \(P_1 = \{a_1,a_2\}\), \(P_2 =\{a_3,a_4,a_5\}\), \(P_3 = \{a_6,a_7,a_8,a_9,a_{10}\}\), \(\cdots\); in generalfor \(n>0\), \(|P_n| = p_n\), where \(p_n\) is the \(n\)th prime |
| \(\cal N12(\aleph_1)\) A variation of Fraenkel's model, \(\cal N1\) | Thecardinality of \(A\) is \(\aleph_1\), \(\cal G\) is the group of allpermutations on \(A\), and \(S\) is the set of all countable subsets of \(A\).In \(\cal N12(\aleph_1)\), every Dedekind finite set is finite (9 is true),but the \(2m=m\) principle (3) is false |
| \(\cal N12(\aleph_{\alpha})\) A generalization of \(\cal N12(\aleph_1)\).Replace ``\(\aleph_1\)'' by ``\(\aleph_{\alpha}\)'' where \(\aleph_{\alpha}\) isa singular cardinal | Thus, \(|A|=\aleph_{\alpha}\); \(\cal G\) is the groupof all permutations on \(A\); and \(S\) is the set of all subsets of \(A\) withcardinality less than \(\aleph_{\alpha}\) |
| \(\cal N13\) L\"auchli/Jech Model | \(A = B_1\cup B_2\), where \(B_1=\bigcup\{A_{j1} : j\in\omega\}\), and \(B_2 = \bigcup\{A_{j2} :j\in\omega\}\), and each \(A_{ji}\) is a 6-element set |
| \(\cal N15\) Brunner/Howard Model I | \(A=\{a_{i,\alpha}: i\in\omega\wedge\alpha\in\omega_1\}\) |
| \(\cal N22(p)\) Makowski/Wi\'sniewski/Mostowski Model | (Where \(p\) is aprime) Let \(A=\bigcup\{A_i: i\in\omega\}\) where The \(A_i\)'s are pairwisedisjoint and each has cardinality \(p\) |
| \(\cal N24\) Hickman's Model I | This model is a variation of \(\cal N2\) |
| \(\cal N24(n)\) An extension of \(\cal N24\) to \(n\)-element sets, \(n>1\).\(A=\bigcup B\), where \( B=\{b_i: i\in\omega\}\) is a pairwise disjoint setof \(n\)-element sets | \(\cal G\) is the group of all permutations of \(A\)which are permutations of \(B\); and \(S\) is the set of all finite subsets of\(A\) |
| \(\cal N26\) Brunner/Pincus Model, a variation of \(\cal N2\) | The set ofatoms \(A=\bigcup_{n\in\omega} P_n\), where the \(P_n\)'s are pairwisedisjoint denumerable sets; \(\cal G\) is the set of all permutations\(\sigma\) on \(A\) such that \(\sigma(P_n)=P_n\), for all \(n\in\omega\); and \(S\)is the set of all finite subsets of \(A\) |
| \(\cal N29\) Dawson/Howard Model | Let \(A=\bigcup\{B_n; n\in\omega\}\) is a disjoint union, where each \(B_n\) is denumerable and ordered like the rationals by \(\le_n\) |
| \(\cal N33\) Howard/H\.Rubin/J\.Rubin Model | \(A\) is countably infinite;\(\precsim\) is a dense linear ordering on \(A\) without first or lastelements (\((A,\precsim) \cong (\Bbb Q,\le)\)); \(\cal G\) is the group of allorder automorphisms on \((A,\precsim)\); and \(S\) is the set of all boundedsubsets of \(A\) |
| \(\cal N34\) Pincus' Model X | For each \(q\in\Bbb Q\), let \(C_q=\{a_q,b_q\}\), a pair of atoms and let \(A=\bigcup_{q\in\Bbb Q}C_q\) |
| \(\cal N35\) Truss' Model IV | The set of atoms, \(A\), is denumerable andeach element of \(A\) is associated with a finite sequence of zeros andones |
| \(\cal N38\) Howard/Rubin Model I | Let \((A,\le)\) be an ordered set of atomswhich is order isomorphic to \({\Bbb Q}^\omega\), the set of all functionsfrom \(\omega\) into \(\Bbb Q\) ordered by the lexicographic ordering |
| \(\cal N40\) Howard/Rubin Model II | A variation of \(\cal N38\) |
| \(\cal N43\) Brunner's Model II | The set of atoms \(A=\bigcup\{P_n: n\in\omega\}\), where \(|P_n|=n+1\) for each \(n\in\omega\) and the \(P_n\)'s arepairwise disjoint |
| \(\cal N46\) Höft/Howard Model I | The set \(A\) of atoms is denumerable andordered by \(\le\) so that \((A,\le)\) is order isomorphic to the rationals.\(A\) is written as the union \(A = D_1 \cup D_2 \cup D_3\) of three densedisjoint subsets |
| \(\cal N48\) Pincus' Model XI | \(\cal A=(A,<,C_0,C_1,\dots)\) is called an<em>ordered colored set</em> (OC set) if \(<\) is a linear ordering on \(A\)and the \(C_i\), for \(i\in\omega\) are subsets of \(A\) such that for each\(a\in A\) there is exactly one \(n\in\omega\) such that \(a\in C_n\) |
| \(\cal N49\) De la Cruz/Di Prisco Model | Let \(A = \{ a(i,p) : i\in\omega\land p\in {\Bbb Q}/{\Bbb Z} \}\) |
| \(\cal N50(E)\) Brunner's Model III | \(E\) is a finite set of prime numbers.For each \(p\in E\) and \(n\in\omega\), let \(A_{p,n}\) be a set of atoms ofcardinality \(p^n\) |
| \(\cal N51\) Weglorz/Brunner Model | Let \(A\) be denumerable and \(\cal G\)be the group of all permutations of \(A\) |
| \(\cal N56\) Howard's model III: Assume the the atoms are indexed asfollows: \(A = \{a(i,j) : i\in{\Bbb Q} \hbox{ and } j\in\omega \}\) | Foreach \(i\in \Bbb Q\), let \(A_i = \{a(i,j) : j\in \omega\}\) |
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